The convention on cluster munitions was adopted by 107 countries on 30 may 2008 in dublin, ireland. It creates perverse incentives for insurgents to use civilian populations as human shields. English third meeting of states parties oslo, 1014 september 2012 the oslo progress report. It features comprehensive descriptions and illustrations of the types of cluster munitions in contaminated areas. Convention means the 2008 convention on cluster munitions. The harvard law school international human rights clinic makes recommendations on national legislation and has studied existing legislation to help states draft their own national laws. Previous efforts focused on prohibitions of other weapons, such as landmines. Convention on cluster munitions international treaty. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles. Convention text the convention on cluster munitions. Monitoring progress in implementing the vientiane action plan between the second and third meetings of states parties submitted by the president of the second meeting of states parties 1. Convention on cluster munitions and mine ban treaty respectively. Cubas presentation the convention on cluster munitions.
The process aimed at creating an international treaty to prohibit cluster munitions that cause unacceptable suffering to civilians. Other cluster munitions are designed to destroy runways or electric power transmission lines, disperse chemical or biological weapons, or to scatter. The obama administration is under pressure to join the convention on cluster munitions ccm, a flawed treaty that would ban all cluster munitions in the u. However, it has become clear from the rate of square meters. Key components and positive precedent for convention on cluster munitions legislation download the pdf in the top right corner. The convention on cluster munitions prohibits all use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions. We are deeply concerned by the reported indiscriminate use of cluster munitions affecting civilian populations in different parts of the world and the resulting victims. Treaty status the treaty cmc cluster munition coalition. Sep 06, 2016 more than onequarter of the states parties to the convention on cluster munitions have adopted national implementation legislation, but much work remains to be done in this area. The convention on cluster munitions includes an obligation never to use, produce, transfer or stockpile cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions is a misbegotten treaty that neither advances the laws of war nor enhances security. Convention on cluster munitions, 30 may 2008 state parties 108 state signatories after decades of seeing civilians suffer with each new use of cluster munitions, and in the face of an inadequate response in other fora, norway launched the oslo process on cluster munitions in february 2007 by inviting governments supporting the. As of march 2018, the convention had 103 states parties who have agreed to be bound by the convention. Cluster munition development and timeline mennonite central.
According to the convention, a cluster munition is a conventional munition that is designed to disperse or release explosive sub munitions each weighing less than 20 kilograms. English french spanish the convention on cluster munitions was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, ireland and entered into force on 1 august 2010. Although a number of militarily important states remain outside of the convention, and cluster munitions have been used on a number of occasions by nonparties since the convention came into force, supporters of the treaty point to a stigmatising effect of the ban. Cluster munitions have been a persistent problem for decades. The guide is intended particularly for governments facing a cluster munitions problem. The strength of the treaty is largely due to the prohibition on cluster munitions as an entire category of weapons.
National implementation and interpretation of the convention on cluster munitions bonnie docherty senior researcher human rights watch september 14, 2011. Implementing the convention on cluster munitions human. Transfer involves, in addition to the physical movement of cluster munitions into or from national territory, the transfer of title to and control over cluster munitions, but does not involve the. Belgium signed the convention on cluster munitions on 3 december 2008 and rati. The convention was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, and was opened for signature on 3 december 2008 in oslo. Cubas presentation the convention on cluster munitions nov 12, 2008 cuba joins to the convention on cluster munitions on april 6, 2016. A guide to cluster munitions geneva international centre. Any company or group of companies that, in its own name or through a subsidiary, develops or produces cluster munitions andor explosive submunitions according to the definitions in the convention on cluster munitions, or key components thereof. The purpose of the convention is to provide a comprehensive international response to the suffering caused by the use of cluster munitions and. Cluster munition monitor 2019 landmine and cluster munition. What is the abbreviation for convention on cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions opens for signature taken question question taken at december 2, 2008 daily press briefing q. This new edition of a guide to cluster munitions features updated information on the convention s key obligations such as stockpile destruction and cluster munitions clearance. Under the terms of the convention, a number of responsibilities have.
Cluster munition remnants means failed cluster munitions, abandoned cluster munitions, unexploded submunitions and unexploded bomblets. Convention on cluster munitions ninth meeting of states. The law simply provides that it is forbidden for any natural or legal person to knowingly finance cluster munition weapons or. The convention entered into force on 1 august 2010. The convention on cluster munitions bans all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. Luxembourg prohibited the financing of cluster munitions in 2009, in the law ratifying the convention on cluster munitions. Aug 29, 2019 using the 2008 convention on cluster munitions as its principal frame of reference, the report covers global trends in ban policy and practice, contamination and clearance, cluster munition casualties, and efforts to guarantee the rights and meet the needs of cluster munition victims. Law on july 20, 2005, belgisch staatblad, june 9, 2006, ben. Cluster munitions do not distinguish between civilians and combatants and can leave behind unexploded ordnance which can harm civilians and be detrimental to economic and social development for decades after use. Convention on cluster munitions convention on cluster munitions determined also to ensure the full realisation of the rights of all cluster munition victims and recognising their inherent dignity, resolved to do their utmost in providing assistance to clus ter munition. Convention on cluster munitions e united nations office. Fact sheet convention on cluster munitions the convention on cluster munitions ccm was opened for signature in oslo on 3 december 2008 and entered into force on 1 august 2010. The convention enters into force for cuba on october 1, 2016. Pdf a postscript report on the convention on cluster.
The convention on cluster munitions entered into force on 1 august 2010, six months after it was ratified by 30 states. At the outset, let me recall that the eu supports the humanitarian goal of the convention on cluster munitions. At the end of 2018, 79% of known areas contaminated with cluster munitions had been cleared and released to endusers. According to the convention on cluster munitions, cluster munition means a conventional munition that is designed to disperse or release explosive submunitions each weighing less than 20 kilograms and includes those explosive submunitions. May 30, 2008 convention on cluster munitions, 30 may 2008 state parties 108 state signatories after decades of seeing civilians suffer with each new use of cluster munitions, and in the face of an inadequate response in other fora, norway launched the oslo process on cluster munitions in february 2007 by inviting governments supporting the. The act prohibits the use, development, production, acquisition, possession, import, export, as well as foreign movement for the purpose of transferring ownership and control of cluster munitions. On may 30, 2008, 107 states adopted the convention on cluster munitions.
It is intended to promote understanding of the convention s rules and to facilitate its ratification and implementation. Convention on cluster munitions, international treaty, adopted by more than 100 countries on may 30, 2008, that prohibited the manufacture, transfer, and use of cluster munitions. The convention applies to all types of cluster munitions in use. The negotiators rejected proposals for broad exceptions from the ban and for a transition period during which cluster munitions could still be used. But in fact cluster munitions have seldom been reserved for such a specialised role. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function as intended or when they are abandoned. Rather they have been used sweepingly against every imaginable military target.
Law prohibiting the financing of cluster munitions luxembourg prohibited the financing of cluster munitions in 2009, in the law ratifying the convention on cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the. A postscript report on the convention on cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster bombs, a type of explosive weapon which scatters submunitions bomblets over an area. Cluster munitions are characterized as bombs or shells that consist of an outer. A guide to cluster munitions the convention on cluster. Convention on cluster munitions the issues monitor. Convention on cluster munitions tke states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function.
The convention also sets legal precedent in three ways. Dublin 19 30 may 2008 convention on cluster munitions, ccm 77, 30 may 2008 excerpt article 1 general obligations and scope of application 1. Ccm abbreviation stands for convention on cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use. It also includes several positive obligations to ensure no further use and to redress past harm caused by the weapons. Convention on cluster munitions convention on cluster munitions determined also to ensure the full realisation of the rights of all cluster munition victims and recognising their inherent dignity, resolved to do their utmost in providing assistance to clus ter munition victims, including medical care, rehabilitation and. Convention, of cluster munitions, including explosive submunitions, with details of the methods that will be used in destruction, the location of all destruction sites and the applicable safety and environmental standards to be observed.
Treaties, states parties, and commentaries convention on. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions is a legally binding international treaty that provides the only international framework for eradicating these weapons. Billions of cluster munitions are stockpiled around the world today. Covention on cluster munitions the case of cuba accession cuba joins to the convention on cluster munitions on april 6, 2016 the convention enters into force for cuba on october 1, 2016 applicable laws. They include those persons directly impacted by cluster munitions as well as their affected families and communities. Ammunition management advisory team ap mine ban convention characterisation of explosive weapons research project convention on cluster munitions gender and mine action programme gis for peace home after war imsma wiki life of mine mine action standards together against mines. This booklet contains the text of the convention on cluster munitions. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions prohibits use, development, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions, as defined. Background and issues for congress congressional research service rs22907 version 31 updated 3 international attempts to regulate use u. As of 26 september 2018, a total of 120 states have joined the convention, as 104 states parties and 16 signatories. Countries that have ratified the convention on cluster munitions. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions was adopted by 107 states on 30 may 2008 at a specially convened diplomatic conference.
Its legislation was adopted even before the convention on cluster munitions came about. Laws prohibiting investments in controversial weapons. The convention on cluster munitions is a historic achievement. The dublin diplomatic conference for the adoption of a convention on cluster munitions was held at dublin from 19 to 30 may 2008. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the international treaty of more than 100 states that addresses the humanitarian consequences and unacceptable harm caused to civilians by cluster munitions, through a categorical prohibition and a framework for action. It is an unverifiable, unenforceable, allornothing exercise in moral suasion, not a serious diplomatic instrument.
Each state party undertakes never under any circumstances to. The recent convention on cluster munitions ccm, convention 1 is the latest attempt by the international community to humanize the conduct of war. Convention on cluster munitions draft day month year original. More than onequarter of the states parties to the convention on cluster munitions have adopted national implementation legislation, but much work remains to be done in this area. In may 2008, 107 states concluded an international treaty prohibiting these weapons. This report by the law library of congress provides information on the laws prohibiting investments in controversial weapons in belgium, ireland, liechtenstein, luxembourg, netherlands, spain, and switzerland. Using the 2008 convention on cluster munitions as its principal frame of reference, the report covers global trends in ban policy and practice, contamination and clearance, cluster munition casualties, and efforts to guarantee the rights and meet the needs of cluster munition victims. Model law convention on cluster munitions the convention on. It was ratified on november 5th, 2010 and it entered into force on may 1st, 2011. Convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of. May 07, 2014 1 convention on cluster munitions, art. The convention on cluster munitions is a model for future disarmament negotiations due to its patience and focus on humanitarianism and broad engagement. The cluster munition coalition is an international civil society campaign working to eradicate cluster munitions, prevent further casualties from these weapons and put an end for all time to the suffering they cause.
On december 3rd, 2008 lebanon signed the convention on cluster munitions. A cluster munition attack, on the other hand, may produce hundreds of craters, taking days to repair. As with the previous edition, this second edition of a guide to cluster munitions provides information on the impact of cluster munitions on civilians and practical steps on how to prevent and address that impact. Exclusion list of companies involved in cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions arms control association. The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of international humanitarian law bonnie docherty abstract the 2008 convention on cluster munitions comprehensively bans a weapon that causes civilian casualties both during and after attacks. Convention on cluster munitions draft the convention on.
It not only includes a chapter on the content of the convention and one on stockpile destructiona signi. This act entered into force on 16 march 2015 and canada ratified the convention on cluster munitions that same day. In may 2008, 107 states concluded an international treaty prohibitingthese weapons. Law prohibiting the financing of cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions. In 2008, the convention on cluster munitions was adopted by over 100 countries. Should not join the convention on cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions opens for signature taken. Convention on cluster munitions e united nations office at. The coalition works through its members to change the policy and practice of governments and organisations towards these aims and raise awareness of the problem amongst the public. Convention on cluster munitions human rights watch. Convention on cluster munitions ccm geneva international.
1211 199 592 1393 697 1001 717 782 980 926 26 1285 481 730 1012 1390 1210 427 286 219 740 1430 305 1018 1052 679 544 399 816 1160 1350 1013 603 564 1226 917 299